Bubbles are typically seen as delicate, fleeting creations lasting mere moments before popping. But French physicists have defied these expectations, developing a bubble that remained intact for an astonishing 465 days. This groundbreaking discovery was made by researchers at the University of Lille and published in the journal Physical Review Fluids.
The science behind the unpoppable bubble
Normally, bubbles burst quickly due to two primary reasons: the drainage of liquid from the bubble’s shell and the evaporation of the liquid inside. These processes are driven by gravity and the natural tendency of water to evaporate into the air. The lifespan of a typical soap bubble, such as those from dish soap, is usually just a few seconds. However, the French team found that by incorporating glycerol, a compound commonly used in foods, medicines, and cosmetics. They could dramatically extend the life of a bubble. Glycerol has a strong affinity for water and is known to absorb moisture from the air, which helps prevent the liquid in the bubble from evaporating. Additionally, glycerol particles create a stabilizing effect, preventing the drainage of water from the bubble's shell, which further contributes to the bubble’s longevity.
By optimizing the concentration of glycerol, the researchers managed to create a bubble that lasted 465 days well over a year without bursting. “The increased longevity of the water-glycerol marbles comes from the stabilizing effects of the glycerol,” explained the researchers in their paper. The unique properties of glycerol allow it to continuously absorb water from the surrounding air, compensating for evaporation and keeping the bubble intact.
Practical implications beyond the science lab
While a long-lasting bubble might seem like an amusing novelty, the implications of this discovery are far-reaching. New York University math professor Leif Ristroph, who specializes in fluid dynamics and has studied the science of bubbles, suggests that this research could have practical applications in various fields. “I could imagine that the general problem of preventing evaporation could have many practical applications,” Ristroph said. He pointed out that understanding how to prevent evaporation could be crucial in fields such as medicine, where aerosols and sprays are often used to administer treatments. By “armoring” droplets in such sprays, it might be possible to extend their effectiveness and longevity in the air, potentially improving the delivery of medicines.
Ristroph also noted the importance of evaporation prevention in everyday life, such as the film of tear fluid that covers the surface of our eyes. This thin layer would evaporate quickly if not for the presence of large molecules called lipids that help retain moisture.
Record-breaking potential?
While the French team’s bubble might be the longest-lasting ever documented, it’s unclear if it will set an official world record. Guinness World Records currently tracks various bubble-related feats, including the tallest free-standing bubble and the largest bubblegum bubble, but does not have a category for the longest-lasting bubble. A Guinness official was not immediately available to confirm whether this achievement would qualify for a new record.
Nevertheless, this study represents a significant advancement in our understanding of fluid dynamics and the science of bubbles. It opens the door to new possibilities in the prevention of evaporation, a challenge that extends well beyond the realm of soap bubbles.
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